The expectations that you set for yourself
will determine your actions. If you expect to succeed, you will likely do so.
Likewise, if you expect to fail, you definitely will. This is especially true
in the classroom. If you expect and believe that your students will succeed,
you will most likely see that they will live up to your expectations. Your
attitude can be infectious because the students take their cue from you on what
to expect of themselves.
Most teachers have an opinion about how much
they think their students can learn. Rather than the actual skills of the
students in question, these beliefs are often formed from other sources of
information. They might come from discussions that they have held with other
teachers, the level of the class as listed on the course information sheet, or
even personal biases about students in general.
If a teacher walks into a classroom with the
attitude that the students cannot learn the material for the course, the battle
is lost before it has begun. Low expectations serve as a self-fulfilling
prophecy, resulting in lower student achievement and interest. On the other
hand, if a teacher walks into a classroom believing that the students can learn
the material, then the students will pick up on this, and it too will be a
self-fulfilling prophecy.
Students are very smart at picking up the
nuances of individual teachers and their opinions. Never underestimate a
student's perception of what you really think. If you truly believe that all
the students in your class can learn the material required for the course, then
your attitude and demeanor will reflect that belief. When you find your
students having problems with difficult concepts, you will not allow them to
become convinced that the subject is too advanced for them. You will work with
them to try and get them to understand.
Teachers with high expectations typically
smile more, joke more, and encourage more. They have a "can-do"
attitude and probably achieve more in their own lives, too. Students who have
high expectations for themselves end up believing in their own ability to
learn. No student wants to feel dumb, but when teachers do not offer the
opportunity to achieve, some students start to feel inferior or have
Unrealistic Demands.
High expectations are necessary, and they
result in positive achievement. Impossible expectations set students up to
fail. This is an important distinction.
Many difficult concepts rely on background knowledge and
previous academic experience. If a student has not successfully completed a required
prerequisite for the course you are teaching, she doesn't have the tools she
needs to succeed. It would be impossible to expect her to master the concepts
without much remediation. This is especially apparent in math and higher-level
science classes. For example, if she has never studied algebra, then she will
have a difficult time with some concepts in chemistry.
As educators, it is important to change the
perception that high expectations set students up to fail. They don't, but low
or impossible expectations do. Low expectations can create a false sense of
accomplishment that is not based on reality. High expectations, however, can
lead to authentic and heightened self-esteem.
Critics argue that high expectations can lead
to failure. But what effect do low or no expectations have on students? Student
motivation to learn is shaped by their attitudes to learning. These attitudes
are largely shaped by their parents and by you.
Students need to feel that you believe they can do it, that they
can learn. Having high expectations does not mean that a student is a failure
if he does not understand a subject or has a hard time with it. It simply means
that you expect him to try and that with additional help, you believe he can do
it. This is definitely not a recipe for failure. Instead, students who have
never been respected academically will probably begin acknowledging your
efforts through their words and actions.
"Teaching to the Lowest/Highest Student"
You might have heard of the phrase
"dumbed down." Many teachers water down their curriculum to be able
to reach the lowest students. As a result, the average and high-achieving
students often get bored, becoming a source of classroom disruptions. There are
also some teachers who teach the highest-achieving students in a class, thereby
losing the lower students. The fact is that you should not specifically target
your curriculum to one group or the other.
You should have high expectations for all
groups by letting them know that you expect their best work at all times.
Varying instruction is essential to effective teaching at all levels,
Write lessons to appeal to different learning styles. This does
not mean you must appeal to all learning styles every day. It simply means that
by mixing things up a little bit, student attention will be less likely to
waver. This is an extremely challenging task in the present educational era
because tracking is often set aside in the name of self-esteem. Because of
this, classrooms are often filled with students at many different levels. It is
up to the teacher to try and teach each student in the class. This can cause
teachers tremendous frustration and unhappiness in their job. However,
flexibility is the key. Vary your methods of instruction. Try to include
information that is interesting on many levels. You may need to reevaluate your
standards and expectations from time to time, but you should not lower them to
the detriment of middle and high-achieving students.
And yes, it is not enough to have high
expectations for your students. You must also let them know what these
expectations are. Communicating your expectations begins on the first day and
should be reinforced on a daily basis. Sometimes students might need gentle
reminders. Other times, however, you might feel you need to stop the normal
course of study to discuss your expectations for the students. Only through
repetition and constant reminders will students' attitudes change. This
reinforcement might seem redundant, but it is well worth the effort.
Should I communicate my expectations to my
student’s parents?
Definitely. Students will have a much better chance to succeed
if their teachers and parents work together. Parents need to know not only what
they expect of their children but also what you expect of them.
If you let students know that you believe they
can get an A in your class, they already have one person in their comer. Some
students have trouble believing that they can get good grades. By constantly
reinforcing the idea that they can do it, you are helping them believe in
themselves. Eventually, they will internalize the message. Now, not all
students will earn As in your classroom, but many of them will make a greater
effort to do better than they have in previous classes.
High expectations for behavior and grades work together to
produce a much better learning environment. Students who regulate their own
behavior based on your expectations are much more likely to work harder and
produce better work.
Setting high (not impossible!) expectations
for yourself is important too in setting yourself up to achieve your goals. We
can't ever succeed if we start out believing we have lost. You can only succeed
in teaching and other areas of life if you believe that you can do it. It is a
good idea to frequently reflect on areas where you need to improve in your
teaching. Set goals for yourself, and track your progress over time.
The benefits of defining your expectations are
many. First, you will find that you are less stressed because you will have a
better understanding of what is important to you. While you will still face
stresses on the job, you will be able to approach them with firm values and
beliefs in place. Second, your attitude will definitely improve. You will be
more positive about what you and others can achieve. Finally, your confidence
level will rise. If you believe that you too can learn and achieve, then you
will begin accomplishing your goals.
By: Humera Naseem
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