1. Introduction to cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases that
make you lose your hair, cause other parts of your body to swell, and spread
throughout your body. There are many types of cancer and each will affect
different parts of your body differently.
Compared to other forms of cancer,
smoking and tobacco use is the leading cause of cancer in the United States. In
fact, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more
than half of all deaths caused by smoking are due to cigarette smoking.
Smoking is also linked to other
cancers such as lung cancer and heart disease. The average person who smokes
200 cigarettes or more a day will experience about 2,850 heart attacks or
strokes. For every 100 people who smoke at least one cigarette a day, there
will be 28 cases of lung cancer and 13 cases of bladder cancer before age 65.
Tobacco use has also been linked
with several types of cancers such as esophageal, stomach, liver, prostate,
pancreas, and colon (cancer is not only found where we look). Cancer can also be
caused by exposure to certain viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), which
can lead to cervical cancer or anus cancer. Exposure to tobacco smoke can also
cause an illness called pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary
hypertension-related end-stage lung disease (Pulmonary hypertension is a
medical condition that occurs when there is not enough blood flow in the
lungs).
Another type of cancer caused by
radiation exposure includes malignant melanoma (a malignant tumor that causes
skin tumors). A second type is called malignant breast tumor; this type tends
to occur in women older than 50 years old with no family history of breast
cancer. Other cancers include liver cancers from hepatitis B infection and from
alcohol abuse; respiratory cancers from cigarette smoking; bladder cancers from
marijuana use; colon cancers from excessive alcohol usage; kidney cancers from
diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2 diabetes; thyroid cancers from radioactive
iodine treatment for thyroid disorders; rheumatoid arthritis; soft tissue
sarcomas including osteosarcomas and myoclonus tremors; lymphomas including
Hodgkin’s lymphoma but not non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas which occur usually in
children younger than 15 years old although they may occur in adults as well.)
2.
What are carcinogens?
In 2011, the World Health
Organization (WHO) published a report called “Cancer Facts and Figures” to help
people better understand the medical condition and treatment of cancer. The
report stated that there are many different types of cancer and that they all
have different causes. In general, cancer is a disease where cells change in
size or become abnormal as a result of abnormal growth. This abnormal growth
can come from one of several different causes, such as:
3.
What are some known causes of cancer?
1. Introduction to cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases that
make you lose your hair, cause other parts of your body to swell, and spread
throughout your body. There are many types of cancer and each will affect
different parts of your body differently.
Compared to other forms of cancer,
smoking and tobacco use is the leading cause of cancer in the United States. In
fact, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more
than half of all deaths caused by smoking are due to cigarette smoking.
Smoking is also linked to other
cancers such as lung cancer and heart disease. The average person who smokes
200 cigarettes or more a day will experience about 2,850 heart attacks or
strokes. For every 100 people who smoke at least one cigarette a day, there
will be 28 cases of lung cancer and 13 cases of bladder cancer before age 65.
Tobacco use has also been linked
with several types of cancers such as esophageal, stomach, liver, prostate,
pancreas, and colon (cancer is not only found where we look). Cancer can also be
caused by exposure to certain viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), which
can lead to cervical cancer or anus cancer. Exposure to tobacco smoke can also
cause an illness called pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary
hypertension-related end-stage lung disease (Pulmonary hypertension is a
medical condition that occurs when there is not enough blood flow in the
lungs).
Another type of cancer caused by
radiation exposure includes malignant melanoma (a malignant tumor that causes
skin tumors). A second type is called malignant breast tumor; this type tends
to occur in women older than 50 years old with no family history of breast
cancer. Other cancers include liver cancers from hepatitis B infection and from
alcohol abuse; respiratory cancers from cigarette smoking; bladder cancers from
marijuana use; colon cancers from excessive alcohol usage; kidney cancers from
diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2 diabetes; thyroid cancers from radioactive
iodine treatment for thyroid disorders; rheumatoid arthritis; soft tissue
sarcomas including osteosarcomas and myoclonus tremors; lymphomas including
Hodgkin’s lymphoma but not non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas which occur usually in
children younger than 15 years old although they may occur in adults as well.)
2.
What are carcinogens?
In 2011, the World Health
Organization (WHO) published a report called “Cancer Facts and Figures” to help
people better understand the medical condition and treatment of cancer. The
report stated that there are many different types of cancer and that they all
have different causes. In general, cancer is a disease where cells change in
size or become abnormal as a result of abnormal growth. This abnormal growth
can come from one of several different causes, such as:
3.
What are some known causes of cancer?
Cancer is the name for a group of
multifactorial diseases that originate in the body and spread through the
bloodstream to different parts of the body. The cause of cancer can either be
genetic in origin or it can be caused by environmental factors. Cancer is also
sometimes referred to as malignant neoplasm or neoplasmic growths (also known
as tumors).
Many forms of cancer usually develop
over time and may consist of different types such as epithelial, mesenchymal,
lymphatic (or leukemia), and teratomas (tumors). Commonly recognized types
are:
Epithelial cancers such as lung
cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancers, brain tumors, mouth
and throat cancers, cervix, colon, rectum, skin tumors, liver tumors.
Mesenchymal cells are derived from embryonic stem cells (which are found in
embryos) or other types of adult cells including fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
These cells contribute to forming various tissues including muscle, bones,
nerves, and blood vessels. Lymphatic tissues can include blood vessels or lymph nodes.
Prostate gland cancers resemble tissue formed by fibroblasts in that they arise
from adult cells but they do not undergo apoptosis; i.e., they aren’t destroyed
by apoptosis. In fact, they are mature cell structures with limited life span
like normal tissue but without apoptosis; i.e., they remain alive indefinitely
like normal tissue but without apoptosis; i.e., they aren’t destroyed by apoptosis;
i.e., they stay alive indefinitely like normal tissue but without apoptosis;
i.e., no stage-3 diseases involving apoptosis). Leukemia is an active form of
acute leukemia with abnormal cell division and uncontrolled proliferation that
develops from multiple abnormal leukocytes (white blood cells) within the
bloodstream due to a lack of oxygen-carrying red blood cells
The most commonly recognized
carcinogen in cigarette smoke is because it contains thousands of chemicals called
free radicals which damage DNA by breaking up its structure. Long term exposure
to these free radicals leads to damage to DNA which results in mutations
(break-ups) of chromosomes even though it isn’t
4.
What about possible causes of cancer?
We all know that smoking cigarettes
leads to various health problems, including cancer. But four out of every five
people who become smokers also smoke tobacco, which is a harmful substance.
This is not an isolated case. Most people don’t realize that eating unripe
fruits and vegetables can cause cancer, too.
As of 2015, the World Health
Organization (WHO) has identified more than 300 known carcinogens in different
types of plant and animal products, including tobacco and processed meat. These
are the substances that are believed to cause the development of cancer in
humans. Most of them are natural chemicals found in plants or animals. In fact,
many plants contain other chemicals that can lead to cancer.
Smoking or chewing tobacco is one of
the most common known causes of cancer worldwide, as it is one of the most
common causes of lung cancer as well as oral and pharyngeal cancers. The WHO
estimates that more than 480 million people worldwide die from tobacco-related
diseases every year. This number does not include all those who have died from
other forms of smoking-related diseases like heart disease and stroke. And
about 715 million people currently live with lung cancer [1].
Roughly 715 million people live with
lung cancer around the world [2]. Cancer is caused by abnormal cells growing in
our bodies, especially within our lungs and other parts of our bodies where air
circulates [3]. Some cancers are inherited or passed on through family members;
some develop over a long period, while others appear suddenly; some are
treatable but may go into remission after a few years; some do not respond to
proper treatment or surgery, and some can be cured by following certain
lifestyle guidelines and medications [4].
The most common way we acquire
cigarette smoke-related health problems is by inhaling it into our lungs when
we smoke cigarettes or when we cough or sneeze while we are smoking them [5].
We breathe out a lot of these harmful substances called carcinogens while
breathing out smoking cigarettes: carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine (the addictive
nicotine component), arsenic (the poisonous poison arsenic), carbon dioxide (a
gas produced when living organisms die) and hydrogen cyanide (a poisonous gas
produced during rotting flesh [6]). Carbon monoxide has been linked to lung
cancer among smokers because it gets into your bloodstream through your lungs
[7]. That’s why it’s important for you to stop smoking cigarettes before you
start going breathless with coughing
5.
How do genes play a role in cancer?
In this section, you will learn more
about the causes of cancer. You will also learn about the different types of
cancer and how it may develop in different areas of the body. In addition to
learning about the causes of cancer, you will also learn about how genes play a
role in cancer.
6.
Conclusion - Now you know more about cancer, and how it is caused by both
environmental factors and your
Cancer is a complex group of
diseases that have many causes. In this section, you can learn more about the
known and possible causes of cancer and general information about carcinogens, and how genes play a role in cancer.
There are many reasons why people
develop cancer. Sometimes it’s because of an environmental factor (like
smoking) or because of a genetic mutation. Sometimes it’s caused by something
you did once or twice in your life (like being exposed to chemicals). Sometimes
it’s caused by poor lifestyle choices (such as smoking cigarettes or drinking
alcohol).
Sometimes it happens because
something made up inside your body went wrong. The exact cause may be unknown
at this point – but there are several things we do know:
Some types of cancers: Colorectal
Cancer Breast Cancer Thyroid Cancer Leukemia Kidney Cancer CNS tumors Bladder
Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Colon & Rectal Cancer Prostate Cancer Brain Tumors
Skin Tumors Brain & Headaches Mouth & Throat Tumor Lung Tumor Eye
Tumors Bladder Tumour Skin Tumor Gall Bladder Gall Bladder Pancreas Stomach
Stomach Stomach Oesophagus Gall Bladder Pancreas Liver Liver Liver Pancreas
Pancreas Colon & Rectal Colon & Rectal Colon & Rectal Adrenal
Glands
By: Chakar Dad
The writer is a student at Ruzhn Professional Class
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