Introduction

It is evident that psychology plays an essential role in every person’s life. It deals with different aspects of an individual to help him perceive life in a better way so as to understand the matters of our life from which we suffer. In psychology, there are various things which are proved very productive for us to utilize in our practice life so that we should be capable of overcoming every sort of circumstances in our life. However, there are so many writers who have given different opinions about psychology and they talk their own perspectives about human different matters. Every writer highlights everything in a clear way that provides us a very good understanding of humans.

What is psychoanalysis?

Psychoanalysis has been discussed in many aspects that give clear-cut to the readers to have a great understanding about psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is both a theory of the human mind which discusses overall areas of human beings and the second one is, it is a therapeutic practice. Both of them have proved very productive for people to comprehend their existence.

Founder

The concept of psychoanalysis has been brought by Sigmund Freud between 1885 and 1939. He was the first man who put himself into a great hardship to have brought the concept of psychoanalysis.  Hence, the concept of psychoanalysis continues to be developed by psychoanalysts all over the world. Today we have it in a good shape and we understand psychology, this is all because of their untired efforts.

Psychoanalysis has four major areas of application:

1)   As a theory of how the mind works

2)   As a treatment method for psychic problems

3)   As a method of research

4)   As a way of viewing culture and social phenomena like literature, art, movies, performance, politics, and groups

In psychoanalysis, these are the major concepts which discuses about human beings and we come to know different aspects of humans that how they spend their life.

Sandor Ferenczi (1873-1933) talks about the child the early relationship with the mother that how it impacts on child’s mind. Further, he discusses the school of psychoanalysis stresses the essence of considering the real relationship between mother-child at an early age. He further explored that there must be a major difference between relationships child’s tender attachment and an adult’s sexual needs.  Recently his work has been reappraised and it has become a new focus in French psychoanalysis.

Melanie Klein( 1882-1960) is the man who talks about early child’s minds. A child at an early age impulse has been experienced within object-relations and these objects are not internal rather it is the self-creation or because of society, has been created these as a whole. On the other hand, the ego’s growing capacity for integration is a big matter and leads to depressive anxieties. Thus, destructive impulses can damage our good objects of ours. He realizes that these all stages are not from infancy rather it has been created by society. When there is depression in the mind of a child, it will lead him towards destruction and anxiety and limit his life in many aspects. It is what for a child, it remains too bad to experience such things. Because whatever has been given to a child is saved permanently in the mind of a child. It is very important to care about every small thing when one talks to a child because it has been saved the way one is behaving. It affects in a great level the psyche of a child.

Winfried Bion (1897-1979) is the man who has given many arguments about a child's mind. He talks about the psyche of a child in a different way which provides us new concept to apprehend the psyche of a child in the best way. He is the man who opposed Freud and Kien. However, a new language for his theory of thinking has been developed by him. He took the idea in a different way. On the other hand, the idea about an infant’s mind has been introduced to him in a different way. A child first experiences an onslaught of raw sensory impressions and emotions. The concept of him which has been shared may be right in many aspects. It is true that a child’s mind is able to symbolize, dream, memorize and think thoughts in a different way and each thought of a child has been passed the way which is totally different from one another. This is a great quality of a child. Furthermore, if we talk about the mind of a child, there must be a great development of the concept of time and space and it allows the discrimination between the conscious and the unconscious.

Donald Winnicott (1896-1971) the concept of this gent man is he mostly focuses the idea of an environment that an environment has a great effect on the psyche of a child. He will be constructed the way his mother behaves. It is evident that a good enough mother enables the infant’s mind to create the representation of self and others. This is about the environment that a child is receiving from his society. Because what he sees, adapts the same thing. Here a child can be capable of creating new ideas, images, fantasies, and art. It is true that he will be forming the many features of culture. If a child has been trained in the best way, he can behave the way which is productive and suitable for society. Overall a child can be very responsive and true to everyone. Because it is the very beginning, he has been trained in the best way.

Jacques Lacan (1901-81) only discusses the core of the idea about a child's mind. He says that the desire and the way of thinking is completely different from each other. Further, he talks about the concept of imaginary and the symbolic. These are very important features of an individual. The great role of metapsychology is it helps to understand the human psyche. Hence, many of the concepts have been discussed about the psyche of an individual which has great importance to emphasis on subjectivity, sexuality, and the desire of language to understand things in a proper way.

Heinz Kobut (1913-81) is the man who focuses on an individual’s self-sense of self in a particular with regard to the development regulation of narcissism. Further, he emphasizes the necessary role of the caregiving parent. In a child's life, a parent plays an important role of upbringing. Because they are the ideal mirror for the child.  On the other hand, the concept of Freud has been opposed by Heinz. He states that Freud’s concept about the structural model of ego and id and superego must be rejected.

Steven Mitchell (1946-2000) is the man who opposed Freud’s drive theory. As they thought that it is not suitable at all. Instead of this, he suggests the theory of relational conflict which combines real, internalized, and imagined interactions with meaningful others. He says that all things are constructed through conversation, and they remain meaningful when they have expressed the way in which someone is capable to understand it. It is what plays a great role in the life of every people. It is a kind of reflection which gives to the people.

It is true that psychoanalytic events have been conducted throughout the world in order to benefit the public. It invites the participation of the mental health community and as well as it includes in their programmers non-analysts such as scientists, politicians, writers, scholars, artists. They are the men who are playing very wonderful for society to change it. They always want their way of thinking must be much better and they go towards development.

Conclusion

Above mentioned ideas of different writers have been very clear-cut about psychoanalysis that it is playing a great in our daily life which is too productive. After throwing a proper glance at psychoanalysis, we come across different psyches of the kids and they have different ways of thinking. It is also mentioned that an environment can play a vital role in affecting on child’s psyche. As well as it has been told different cures to overcome such side effects if they are not productive.

 

By: Shahmis Imam

The writer is a teacher at Zanth Academy Jusak

Turbat Kech Balochistan